Buddha Is the Light of the World
ဗုဒၶျမတ္စြာဘုရား သည္ ကမၻာ့အလင္းေရာင္ ျဖစ္သည္
Researched by- Myoma Myint Kywe
သမိုင္းပညာရွင္ ၿမိဳ ႔မ ျမင့္ၾကြယ္
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| The most sacred Ruby-Eye Buddha Statue in Rangoon, Burma |
“No one saves us but ourselves. No one can and no one may.
We
ourselves must walk the path.”
“Work out
your own salvation. Do not depend on others.”
-Buddha
I am sure proving Buddha as Light of the World.
Lord Buddha should be looked (upon) as not only just a supreme human being but also greatest teacher of the all human being and Gods, of whom everybody should be proud of. One of the descriptive titles given to the Buddha is that of sattha-deva-manussanam, the Teacher of Gods and human. It is found in the earliest texts of the Tipitaka and was accepted by the Buddha Himself. The Buddha's great gift to humankind was the truth and his compassion motivated him to give it to all who were willing to receive it.
Buddha is like that immeasurable sky and
universe with no end at all.
In other religions, the people worship their
God by asking for blessing for favors to be granted to them. Buddhists do not
worship the Buddha by asking for favors and blessing, but they respect and rely
on Him for His supreme attainment of truth along with excellent teachings. They
respect and rely on Him because of teachings of Buddha and gratitude of Buddha.
We have come to know and to believe the love
that Buddha has for us. Buddha is greatest teacher, and whoever abides in loving
kindness of Buddha, abides in teaching of Buddha. Many people in the world
consider Siddhartha Gautama as the greatest master (Guru) in the world.
Prince Siddhartha Gautama was a man as noble prince
until at the age of 35. But from age of 35 to age of 80, he became Supreme Buddha.
So Lord Buddha is NOT an ordinary human since BC 588. Buddha is greatest
peacemaker in the world history.
Many scholars believe that primitive man
found himself in a dangerous and hostile world, the fear of wild animals, of
not being able to find enough food, of injury or disease, and of natural
phenomena like thunder, lightning and volcanoes was constantly with him.
Finding no security, he created the idea of Gods in order to give him comfort
in good times, courage in times of danger and consolation when things went
wrong.
To this day, you will notice that people
become more religious at times of crises, you will hear them say that the
belief in a God (or) Gods gives them the strength they need to deal with life.
You will hear them explain that they believe in a particular God because they
prayed in time of need and their prayer was answered.
All this seems to support the Buddha’s teaching that the God-idea is a response to fear and frustration. The Buddha taught us to try to understand our fears, to lessen our desires and to calmly and courageously accept the things we cannot change. He replaced fear, not with irrational belief but with rational understanding.
All this seems to support the Buddha’s teaching that the God-idea is a response to fear and frustration. The Buddha taught us to try to understand our fears, to lessen our desires and to calmly and courageously accept the things we cannot change. He replaced fear, not with irrational belief but with rational understanding.
Then the Buddha did not believe in GOD is
because there does not seem to be any evidence to support this idea. Next reason
the Buddha did not believe in a God is that the belief is not necessary. Some
claim that the belief in a God is necessary in order to explain the origin on
the universe. But this is not so. There is no creator God, in Buddhism there is nothing for a creator God to
do.
Science has very convincingly explained how
the universe came into being without having to introduce the God-idea. Some
claim that belief in God is necessary to have a happy, meaningful life. Again
we can see that this is not so.
There are millions of atheists and
free-thinkers, not to mention many Buddhists, who live useful, happy and
meaningful lives without belief in a God. Some claim that belief in god’s power
is necessary because humans, being weak, do not have the strength to help
themselves.
Once again, the evidence indicates the
opposite. One often hears of people who have overcome great disabilities and
handicaps, enormous odds and difficulties, through their own inner resources,
through their own efforts and without belief in a God.
Some claim that God is necessary in order to give man salvation. But this argument only holds good if you accept the theological concept of salvation and Buddhists do not accept such a concept. Based on his own experience, the Buddha saw that each human being had the capacity to purify the mind, develop infinite love and compassion and perfect understanding.
Some claim that God is necessary in order to give man salvation. But this argument only holds good if you accept the theological concept of salvation and Buddhists do not accept such a concept. Based on his own experience, the Buddha saw that each human being had the capacity to purify the mind, develop infinite love and compassion and perfect understanding.
There is no almighty God in Buddhism
There is no almighty God in Buddhism. There
is no one to hand out rewards or punishments on a supposedly Judgment day. Buddhists do not believe in a deity or
judgment day.
No judgment day in Buddhism.
No savior concept in Buddhism.
A Buddha is not a saviour who saves others by his personal salvation. Although a Buddhist seeks refuge in the Buddha as his incomparable guide who indicates the path of purity, he makes no servile surrender. A Buddhist does not think that he can gain purity merely by seeking refuge in the Buddha or by mere faith in Him. It is not within the power of a Buddha to wash away the impurities of others.
No judgment day in Buddhism.
No savior concept in Buddhism.
A Buddha is not a saviour who saves others by his personal salvation. Although a Buddhist seeks refuge in the Buddha as his incomparable guide who indicates the path of purity, he makes no servile surrender. A Buddhist does not think that he can gain purity merely by seeking refuge in the Buddha or by mere faith in Him. It is not within the power of a Buddha to wash away the impurities of others.
No holy
war concept in Buddhism. Killing is forbidden moral precept in
Buddhism. The Five Precepts are the basis of Buddhist morality. The first
precept is to avoid killing or harming living beings. The second is to avoid
stealing, the third is to avoid sexual misconduct, the fourth is to avoid lying
and the fifth is to avoid alcohol and other intoxicating drugs. One is strictly
forbidden to kill another person in the name of religion, a religious leader or
whatsoever religious pretext or worldly excuse.
Buddha has completely destroyed all greed,
aversion and ignorance. The Buddha is one who has realized the four noble
truths, Nirvana (nibbana) and has come to the end of
all suffering. The word DEVA refers to
both the Gods and Brahmas. And in that field he was incomparable. He was
the supreme teacher and a vast number of gods, brahmas and human beings
received his teachings, his advice, his guidance and they liberated themselves
from this mass of suffering as a result of that. That is his teaching quality.
When he or she practice the Dharma and obey the
teachings of Buddha, therefore he or she sees the Buddha.
Dharma
is the path of righteousness and living one's life according to the codes of conduct
as described by the Buddhist scriptures.
Practice of Buddhist ethics will help you to live in harmony with your neighbors, friends, your own family members, fellow-beings and other people. Dharma is that which leads you to the path of perfection and glory. Dharma is that which helps you to have direct communion with the Lord Buddha. Dharma is that which makes you divine.
Practice of Buddhist ethics will help you to live in harmony with your neighbors, friends, your own family members, fellow-beings and other people. Dharma is that which leads you to the path of perfection and glory. Dharma is that which helps you to have direct communion with the Lord Buddha. Dharma is that which makes you divine.
The essence of Dharma (teachings of Buddha) lay
in possessing a certain ability, power and spiritual strength. Dhamma is laying on the truthfulness. Dharma
(Dharma) is always truthful because its basis is the best unique
combination of spiritual power and physical power. In order to achieve good karma
it is important to live life according to `Dharma'. These basic training rules
are observed by all practicing lay Buddhists. This involves doing what is right
for the individual, the family, the class or caste and also for the universe
itself.
He is exalted beyond comparison. He is
exalted because of his immeasurable merits, because of his ten perfections. No
other being's perfections can be compared with that of a Sammasambuddha,
As a result of the perfection of dana or gifting, millions of folks pay homage
to him, make offerings, even after 2602 years. That is the result of his
quality called bhagava.
We believe that Buddhism is the
most peaceful religion in the world and universe. Almost Buddhists
and monks are peaceful and compassionate, and seeking enlightenment. There has
never been a war fought under the image of Buddhism. Buddhism is an excellent
religion because of its good thoughtful ideas. I believe it is religion worthy
of study by the world. Buddhism teaches people to be pacifists and not to fight
wars. It is clear that all real Buddhists and monks are not at all warlike but
they are very peaceful.
All the teachings concerning culture,
thoughts, opinion, beliefs and practices are valuable in their own ways. The
important factor is that the follower of the concerned religion must follow the
teachings sincerely. Although I am a Theravada Buddhist, I obey the teachings
of Lord Buddha, but I respect the teachings of other religions. I know their beliefs
and culture are also noble and valuable in their own way accordingly.
Again, Buddha is the ultimate master, the
supreme Guru of human and Gods and Brahmas. Each and every enlightened being
has tried to bring the best expression of Truth (or) Dharma that can bless and
profit each everyone in the world. Buddha’s experiment however remains
unmatched, in fact it is the only experiment which succeeded and is still
succeeding. Buddha was the first enlightened master who offered this universal
alternative.
Today we know it as The Middle Path. He
brought the complete path. Rebirth is another key doctrine in Buddhism and it
goes hand in hand with karma (or) kamma. There is a subtle difference between
rebirth and reincarnation as expounded in Hinduism. Buddhism rejects the theory
of a transmigrating permanent soul, whether created by a god or emanating from
a divine essence.
Buddhists do not believe in a soul. Gautama Buddha rejected the
existence of a creator deity, refused to endorse
many views on creation and stated that questions on the origin of the world are
not ultimately useful for ending suffering. Generally Buddhism does not believe in a
personal God or a divine being, it does not have worship, praying to, or
praising of a divine being. It offers no form of redemption, no heavenly hope,
or a final judgment to those practicing its system. Buddhism is a moral
philosophy, an ethical way to live for the here and now of this world to gain
the ultimate state.
THE VENERATION
Namo tassa bhagavato arahato samma
sambuddhassa.
Namo tassa bhagavato arahato samma
sambuddhassa.
Namo tassa bhagavato arahato samma
sambuddhassa.
I
respectfully pay the highest homage to the ‘Arahant’, One who is truly worthy
of respect amongst all human and sentient beings, the ‘Sammasam Buddha’, One
who has attained enlightenment by knowing one’s own true nature.( Say this
three times).
TAKING REFUGE IN THE TRIPLE GEMS
Buddham saranam
gacchami
Dhammam
saranam gacchami
Sangham saranam
gacchami
Dutiyampi Buddham
saranam gacchami
Dutiyampi Dhammam saranam
gacchami
Dutiyampi Sangham
saranam gacchami
Tatiyampi Buddham
saranam gacchami
Tatiyampi Dhammam saranam
gacchami
Tatiyampi Sangham
saranam gacchami
I respect and take refuge in the Buddha
I respect and take refuge in the Dhamma
I respect and take refuge in the Sangha
For the Second time : I respect and take refuge in the Buddha
For the Second time : I respect and take refuge in the Dhamma
For the Second time : I respect and take refuge in the Sangha
For the Third time : I respect and take refuge in the Buddha
For the Third time: I respect and take refuge in the Dhamma
For the Third time: I respect and take refuge in the Sangha.
Asking to receive and undertake the PRECEPTS
(
In Pali)
Aham bante, tisaranena saha panca silam dhammam
yacami
Anuggaham katva silam dehta me bhante
Dutiyampi Aham bante, tisaranena saha panca silam
dhammam yacami
Anuggaham katava silam dahta me bhante
Tatiyampi Aham bante tisaranena saha panca silam
dhammam yacami
Anuggaham katva silam dehta me bhante
Ama bante bar ei Ashin Phaya.
Oh Buddha, I humbly request through the three gems,
that the five precepts on moral ethics be granted to me for training, practice
and observance.
For the second time, Oh Buddha, I humbly request
through the three gems that the five precepts on moral ethics be granted to me
for training, practice and observance.
For the third time, Oh Buddha, I humbly request
through the three gems that the five precepts on moral ethics be granted to me
for training, practice and observance.
Paying Homage
Buddham pujemi :Permit me please to pay homage to the Buddha.
Dahmmam pujemi :Permit me please to pay homage to the Dhamma.
Sangham pujemi :Permit me please to pay homage to the Sangha.
Asking permission to pay Homage.
Okatha, Okatha, Okatha
(Say Okathaa three times) |
Kayakan, Wezikan, Manawkan,
thaba dawtha khatheinthaw apyit toego
pyaukpa zaychin akyoe ngha
Pa htama dootiya tatiya,
tachein, hnichein, thonchein myauk aung
Phayar Yadana, Tayar Yadana, Thagar Yadana,
Yadana myat thone par toego
ayo athay alay amyat let oak moe ywe shi
hko puzaw
hpu hmyaw hman lyawt kadaw bar ei ashin
Phayar.
kadaw yathaw akyoe ah chaungt
Apal
lay bar, cut thone bar, Yapyit shipa, Yanthu myo ngapar, Weikpathi
tayar lay par,
Byat tana tayar ngar bar do hma akha khat
thein kin lut nyein thee hpyit ywe
Met tayar, Pho taya, Neikban tayar daw myat
ko yaba lo ei Ashin Phayar.
(Translation)
For the elimination of all offences
committed in hatred or anger through my Deeds, Speeches or Thoughts,
I respectfully and humbly raise my hands…..
once, twice, thrice to the gem of Buddha, to the gem of Dhamma, to the gem of
Samgha in obeisance, adoration, and subdued pride.
For this meritorious act and will of
obeisance,
May I be liberated and be freed from the
woeful states, namely, the three epochs of affliction, the eight uncongenial locations, the five enemies,
the four misfortunes and the five losses,
And thereby attain Magga-phala and finally,
Nibbana (ultimate
peacefulness; 1st to attain magga-phala; 1st to become sotāpanna;
nibbana, aka nirvana).
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The Eight-Fold Path
1. Samma-Ditthi
— Complete or Perfect Vision, also translated as right view or understanding. Vision
of the nature of reality and the path of transformation.
2. Samma-Sankappa
— Perfected Emotion or Aspiration, also translated as right thought or
attitude. Liberating emotional intelligence in your life and acting from love
and compassion. An informed heart and feeling mind that are free to practice
letting go.
3. Samma-Vaca
— Perfected or whole Speech. Also called right speech. Clear, truthful,
uplifting and non-harmful communication.
4. Samma-Kammanta
— Integral Action. Also called right action. An ethical foundation for life
based on the principle of non-exploitation of oneself and others. The five
precepts.
5. Samma-Ajiva
— Proper Livelihood. Also called right livelihood. This is a livelihood based
on correct action the ethical principal of non-exploitation. The basis of an
Ideal society.
6. Samma-Vayama
— Complete or Full Effort, Energy or Vitality. Also called right effort or
diligence. Consciously directing our life energy to the transformative path of
creative and healing action that fosters wholeness. Conscious evolution.
7. Samma-Sati —
Complete or Thorough Awareness. Also called "right mindfulness".
Developing awareness, "if you hold yourself dear watch yourself
well". Levels of Awareness and mindfulness - of things, oneself, feelings,
thought, people and Reality.
8. Samma-Samadhi
— Full, Integral or Holistic Samadhi. This is often translated as
concentration, meditation, absorption or one-pointedness of mind. None of these
translations is adequate. Samadhi literally means to be fixed, absorbed in or
established at one point, thus the first level of meaning is concentration when
the mind is fixed on a single object. The second level of meaning goes further
and represents the establishment, not just of the mind, but also of the whole
being in various levels or modes of consciousness and understanding. This is
Samadhi in the sense of enlightenment or Buddha-hood.
The Eight-Fold
Path is the fourth of the Four Noble Truths-the first of the Buddha's
teachings. All the teachings flow from this foundation.
THE NINE SUPREME QUALITIES OF THE BUDDHA
Iti pi so bhagava: The One who knows the truth and is endowed
with the nine virtues.
Araham:
One who had eradicated defile- ments and therefore worthy of respect
Samma Sambuddho: One who is supremely enlightened.
Vijja-Carana Sampanno: Perfect in both knowledge and conduct.
Sugato:
One who speaks the truth.
Lokavidu: One who understands the the world perfectly.
Annuttaro purisa damma sarathi: One who is the teacher and trainer
in Dhamma for all creatures.
Sattha deva manussanam: Master of gods and humans.
Buddho:
Knower of the Truth.
Bhagava: One who possess the Supreme Glory.
THE SIX SUPREME QUALITIES OF "DHAMMA" or Dharma
His
teaching is clear and well-explained. The Teaching of the Buddha has six
supreme qualities:
Savakkhato
Bhagavata Dhammo: The Dhama Law is well proclaimed by the Exalted One.
Sanditthiko: Can
be realized here and now.
Akaliko: It
yields result any time.
Ehipassiko: It
challenges critics to come ‘see’ the truth.
Opaneyyiko: To be
experienced by oneself.
Paccanatam
veditabbo vinnuhi: Realizable by the wise.
THE NINE QUALITIES OF THE SANGHA
The Sangha is the third of the Three Jewels in Buddhism. Sangha
in Buddhism is most commonly refers in Buddhism to the monastic community of ordained Buddhist
monks
or nuns.
1. Suppati panno bagavato savaka samgho: Community of
virtuous society of Sanghas, who practices and contemplates the truth
2. Ujuppatipannno bagavato savaka samgho: practices and
contemplates the truth with integrity
3. Nayappatipanno baghavato savaka samgho: arduously
practices to attain liberation in Nibbana
4. Samisippatipanno baghavato savaka samgho: practice
worthy of respect
Yadidam cattari purisa yugani attha purisa puggala esa bagahavato savaka sangho: followers of the Buddha; posses the following characters: four qualities and eight characteristics of manhood; maintain morality, samadhi and wisdom and therefore suitable to receive alms and donations.
Yadidam cattari purisa yugani attha purisa puggala esa bagahavato savaka sangho: followers of the Buddha; posses the following characters: four qualities and eight characteristics of manhood; maintain morality, samadhi and wisdom and therefore suitable to receive alms and donations.
5. Ahuneyyo, 6. Pahuneyyo: as visiting sangha,
maintain morality, samadhi and wisdom, and therefore suitable to receive alms
and donations.
7. Dakhi neyyo: because of virtuous life they lead, are
suitable to receive meritorious donations.
8. Anjali karaniyo: worthy of respect by all beings
9. Anuttaram puna khettam lokasa: they are the fertile
grounds for furthering the incomparable meritorious deeds.
TAKING FIVE PRECEPTS:
1. Panatipata
veramani sikkhapadam samadiyami
I undertake the rule of training to refrain from killing and
destroying life.
2. Adinnadana veramani sikkhapadam samadiyami
I undertake the rule of training to refrain from taking What is
not given
3. Kamesu micchacara veramani sikkhapadam samadiyami
I undertake the rule of training to refrain from illicit Sexual relationships
4. Musavada veramani sikkhapadam samdiyami
I undertake the rule of training to refrain from false speech.
5. Sura-meraya-majjha-pamadatthana veramani sikkhapadam
samadiyami
I undertake the rule of training to refrain from Intoxicants
causing heedlessness.
What is Karma?
We believe that everybody will be good situation
and bad situation for their own work-done karma
(kamma) in the past –present
-–future, and not for other people. Karma in the present affects one's
future in the current life, as well as the nature and quality of future lives -
or, one's saṃsara. Karma (kamma)
means action, work or deed; it also refers to the principle of causality where intent and
actions of an individual influence the future of that individual. Good intent
and good deed contribute to good karma and future happiness, while bad intent
and bad deed contribute to bad karma and future suffering.
Karma is closely
associated with the idea of rebirth in Buddhism. A
common theme to theories of karma is its principle of causality. The experience of
the present is shaped both by actions in the present and by actions in the
past. Actions in the present shape both the present and the future. The results
of past and present actions continually interact. Thus there is always room for
new input into the system, which gives scope for free will.
I would like to compare Karma and Newton's laws of motion. "For
every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction."
In the Buddha's day, most religions of
India taught that karma operated in a simple
straight line -- past actions influence the
present; present actions influence the future. But karma in Buddhism is
non-linear and complex. Karma, acts in multiple feedback loops, with the
present moment being shaped both by past and by present actions; present
actions shape not only the future but also the present.
Buddha is neither a supreme God nor the
creator of universe.
But Buddha
is the enlightened one, greatest teacher
of men and Gods.
If you are enlightened, you are Buddha too. All sentient beings can be Buddha. There are numerous enlightened beings in millions and millions of worlds in millions and millions of years. Shakyamuni Buddha, the founder of Buddhism, was the enlightened being in the world of our time.
If you are enlightened, you are Buddha too. All sentient beings can be Buddha. There are numerous enlightened beings in millions and millions of worlds in millions and millions of years. Shakyamuni Buddha, the founder of Buddhism, was the enlightened being in the world of our time.
Although Buddha is the most Supreme Being
known in all realms, he has no power to control everything. For instance, he is
unable to change the principle of cause and effect. In other words, if you
commit an evil deed, Buddha cannot save you the effect caused by your evil
deed. Nevertheless, Buddha can advise you how to reduce the bad effect, if you
really repent of your evil deed.
Buddha is the greatest peace maker,
supreme merciful, supreme enlightened one, endowed with wisdom in conduct,
mercy, auspicious, knowing the universe and in the world. Buddha has never
had a fight others through Buddha-hood in this lifetime. Buddha had never done
killed the people, animals, all living things and anyone.
However Buddha has infinite authority, Buddha has never had punishment, no wars and no destroy to others lives. Buddha did not allow any crisis. Buddha does not allow everyone to be cursed. According to traditional Buddhism, the foundation of Buddhist ethics for laypeople is “The Five Precepts”: no killing, no stealing, no lying, no sexual misconduct, and no intoxicants.
However Buddha has infinite authority, Buddha has never had punishment, no wars and no destroy to others lives. Buddha did not allow any crisis. Buddha does not allow everyone to be cursed. According to traditional Buddhism, the foundation of Buddhist ethics for laypeople is “The Five Precepts”: no killing, no stealing, no lying, no sexual misconduct, and no intoxicants.
The Buddha (BC 623-BC
543) provided
some basic guidelines for acceptable behavior that are part of the Eightfold path. The initial precept
is non-injury or non-violence to all living creatures from the lowest insect to
humans. This precept defines a non-violent attitude toward every living thing.
It involves acts of charity, especially support of the sangha,
as well as observance of the five precepts that constitute the basic moral code
of Buddhism. The precepts prohibit killing, stealing, harmful language, sexual
misbehavior, and the use of intoxicants. By observing these precepts, the three
roots of evil—lust, hatred, and delusion—may be overcome.
Can we escape
the results of bad Karma (kamma)?
There are different kammas.
Some give results in the next life; some in lives after that. The ones that gives results in future lives are a store of kamma, which everyone has. We have gone through this samsara (rounds of rebirth) for many aeons (a period of time too long to be measured), and we have done good things and bad things. Some of the kammas may have given results, but some may have not yet given results. Both good and bad kammas are, in a way, waiting for a chance to give results. Bad kammas give results when they favorable opportunities, favorable circumstances to give results.
Some give results in the next life; some in lives after that. The ones that gives results in future lives are a store of kamma, which everyone has. We have gone through this samsara (rounds of rebirth) for many aeons (a period of time too long to be measured), and we have done good things and bad things. Some of the kammas may have given results, but some may have not yet given results. Both good and bad kammas are, in a way, waiting for a chance to give results. Bad kammas give results when they favorable opportunities, favorable circumstances to give results.
If you do bad kamma
here, then bad kamma from the past is more likely to give results by your
doing new bad kamma. But if you do good kamma
here and now, you can block, but not complete totally the bad kamma from the
past. That is why people are asked to do
meritorious deeds.
Buddha once
put this in the form of a simile. If you put
a spoonful of salt in a cup of water that water becomes very salty.
But if you put the same amount of salt in a lake, that water will not be very salty in this way, when you have a large amount of good kamma, you can counter-act or dilute or reduce the effects of bad kamma.
But if you put the same amount of salt in a lake, that water will not be very salty in this way, when you have a large amount of good kamma, you can counter-act or dilute or reduce the effects of bad kamma.
Only when
you attain arahantship (Arahant - one who has attained the highest level of
spiritual development, who is free and will not be reborn again) can you
completely eradicate the effects of kamma altogether. But we can block the
effects of bad kamma here by doing good deeds. By doing good deeds, we make
circumstances unfavorable for the bad kamma from the past to give results.
Six-hundred years before Jesus Christ, Gautama Buddha , the first words Gautama Buddha taught (accepted by all
Buddhists as real TRUTH for the welfare, peace and happiness of the world) were
these: "We are what we think. All that we
are arises with our thoughts. With our thoughts, we make the world. Speak or
act with an impure mind, and trouble will follow you as the wheel follows the
ox that draws the carriage."
Today, more than any previous time in human
history, the same holds true for the human body. Realizing that the vast
majority of our human suffering is caused by wrong, unnatural eating, combined
with the failure to periodically remove accumulated toxins, intelligent faster
become nine times as conscious about what they put into their bodies,
post-fast, for solid reasons: they enjoy what it feels like being closer to
optimum health, happiness and healing power, plus they've worked hard to clean
their temple.
Many greatest masters have created great
waves in the world of super consciousness. Buddha however remains the highest
point any wave can reach. According to historical sources, Prince Siddhartha
Gautama, the Lord Buddha, was born in 623 B.C at the Lumbini garden. Lumbini is a Buddhist pilgrimage site at the Rupandehi District of Nepal. It is the place
where Queen Mayadevi gave birth to
Siddhartha Gautama (Gautama Buddha). She was married to
King Suddhodana, who ruled in the
kingdom of Kapilavastu.
Kapilavastu (Kapilavatthu) is one of the district
of Nepal, where Gautama Buddha grew up, and which
contained his family home and garden.
Maya was the mother of the Buddha and was from the Koliyan clan at Devadaha, in ancient Nepal.
Maya was the mother of the Buddha and was from the Koliyan clan at Devadaha, in ancient Nepal.
Queen Maha Maya and the royal retinue were
traveling to her hometown at Devadaha. When this event took
place, Queen Māyā was en route to birth him in his father's kingdom. While to
royal palanquin passed by the beautiful Lumbini Grove, the Queen decided to
take a breather through the shady trees and scented flowers. While enjoying her
stroll, the Queen reached out for a branch of the Sala tree, she
felt a mild labor contraction. The royal aides hurried to prepare the area for
labor and put up curtains surrounded the Sala tree. Lumbini is one of
the cultural heritage sites enlisted by UNESCO.
Queen Maha Maya gave birth to the
child under a Sala tree cared for by the ladies in her retinue.
After that, the infant Prince, lift himself up on his feet,
turned toward the north and took seven steps, each step was
miraculously cushioned by a lotus sprung up from the earth. With a resounding
voice comparable to the lion roar yet most endearing as the voice of the Brahma
King, the Prince stated: “I am the supreme
being. I am the most advanced being in the world. I am the most sublime being
in the world and universe. This is my final birth.”
Naturally, a
new born child cannot immediately talk; the child requires further
development in order to speak fluently. Furthermore, every place the baby
Buddha placed his foot, a lotus flower bloomed.
Moreover, there is a claim that the Buddha's birth was miraculous via a dream
that his mother saw of a white elephant, whereas the dream is interpreted in
the legend as a premonition of a blessing to come; therefore the incident would
suggest a Divine birth as opposed to a human birth.
These are FIRST miracle of Buddha.
These are FIRST miracle of Buddha.
Gautama Buddhawas
alleged to possess superhuman powers and abilities; however, due to an
understanding of the workings of the skeptical mind, he reportedly responded to
a request for miracles by saying, "...I dislike,
reject and despise them," and refused to comply. He allegedly attained his
abilities through deep meditation during the time when he had renounced the
world and lived as an ascetic. He supposedly performed such miracles to bring
the most benefit to sentient beings and he warned that miraculous powers should
not be the reason for practicing his path.
At age 16, Siddhartha married a
woman known to tradition as Yashodhara.
She would later bear him a son, Rahula.
Siddhartha's father was trying to insure that
his son would not leave the throne, attempted to keep young Siddhârtha from
experiencing any suffering and any deep philosophical questioning. But it so
happened that one day Siddhartha did chance to see an
old man, a sick man, a dead
man, and a holy man —as
well as a sage meditating on the purpose of life.
Sure enough, Siddhartha began to deeply
ponder and reflect upon what he had witnessed. "Why
does man have to suffer? What is the real purpose of life? Is life only
a matter of being born, falling sick, decaying and growing
old, eventually to die and go into oblivion?"
He thought about such things for a long time.
Finally, at
the age of 29, deeply moved by the mystery of human suffering, the
young prince decided to take up the life of an impoverished mendicant in search
of a way for all beings to transcend suffering and the painful cycle of birth
and death. He studied meditation briefly but thoroughly under two prominent
religious teachers of his day, but was dissatisfied with their teachings, which
did not seem to bring ultimate freedom from all forms of suffering. He
eventually wandered off and took up with a band of five ascetics, who lived in
a jungle near Gaya, India. These ascetics were practicing severe austerities in
hopes of dissolving karmic attachments to the body and breaking through to a
discovery of eternal peace and happiness.
At the age of 29, B.C 594, he left his palace
quietly in search of the truth. He had studied under ascetic teachers, and
tried various methods of self-mortification, but to no avail. He learnt later
that extremes (of indulgence versus torture) are not going to work out.
Prince Siddhartha Gautama was a man as prince and truth seeker
until at the age of 35. But from age of 35 to age of 80, he became Buddha. Therefore, Buddha is NOT an ordinary human since BC 588.
After searching for 6 years, for 6 year
Gautama strived as a noble hermit, at the age of
35, B.C 588, one day, he sought shelter under a tree, and through intense meditation that he
finally attained Enlightenment, and sees things as they really are.
But after he had lived six full years of this
intensely austere life, Siddhartha realized that he was only torturing, including fasted for 49 days, and weakening
his body. Even extreme fasting, formed a part of the self-mortification
practiced by ascetics during the Buddha’s time. During the six years the Buddha
(or more correctly, the Bodhisattva) was learning from other teachers
and experimenting with various ascetic practices he to underwent long fasts.
Therefore one day during his 35th year, he
decided to discontinue this life of self-imposed torture. He broke a lengthy
fast by eating some rice-milk offered to him by a local village woman.
With the increased strength afforded by this
meal, he sat down under a certain fig tree, the “Bodhi
tree” at a place now famous as Bodh Gaya (in Bihar state, India). He
resolved not to ever get up again until he had transcended all limitation and
penetrated through to the highest, most liberated state of consciousness,
complete enlightenment (Pali: Nibbana; Sanskrit: nirvana).
Henceforth, he is known as the Lord Buddha.
The tree under which the Buddha gained Enlightenment has since been known as
the Bodhi tree.
The Lord Gautama Buddha gained a flash of
insight that he felt gave him an answer to the problem of suffering. He began
to share with other the meaning of His enlightenment since B.C 588.
According to records of Shwedagon
pagoda,
It was on the 49th day after the Enlightenment when two brothers, Taphussa and Bhallika,
merchants from Ukkalapa in the land of Mon people of the Lower Burma (Myanmar),
came to near at Buddha.
Because of, a god (spirit) who had been the mother of the two brothers in a previous existence had guided them to the Buddha.
The brothers offered honey cakes.
After Buddha had eaten the cakes, the brothers asked for gift. Buddha passed His hand over His head and, obtaining eight Hairs, gave them to the brothers.
Buddha, perceiving that the three previous
Buddhas had caused their possessions to be enshrined in a pagoda on Singuttara
hill in the country of the two brothers, bade them to do likewise with the
Sacred Hairs.
The brothers returned home and made landfall at Pagoda Point in the south-west coast of Myanmar. They sent word to king Ukkalapa of their arrival with the sacred Hairs. The King welcomed the Hairs with great ceremony at Asitanzana, north-west of present Yangon (Rangoon).
The brothers returned home and made landfall at Pagoda Point in the south-west coast of Myanmar. They sent word to king Ukkalapa of their arrival with the sacred Hairs. The King welcomed the Hairs with great ceremony at Asitanzana, north-west of present Yangon (Rangoon).
After he gained the nirvana or becoming Buddha, Siddhartha Guatama and his five disciples traveled around different Kingdoms in northern India teaching the doctrine of Buddhism. Gotama Buddha attained supreme enlightenment, experiencing the ultimate truth in all its purity, and became a Sammasambuddha.
The Lord Buddha and his disciples travelled
vast areas (on foot) throughout India to expound the Dhamma, helping
lots of suffering people along the way. His relentless effort lasted for 45
years.
The Buddha spent and preached 45 years the four NobleTruth
and the Noble Eightfold Path. The Buddha passed into Parinibbana (or passed
away in simplified layman's term) at the ripe old age of 80 B.C 543.
When Buddha died, his
physical
death is defined as Parinibbana.
The story of his last days of life is
reported in the texts of the Mahaparinibbana Sutta, with touching
particulars. At the age of 80 years, Buddha realized that his death was coming,
after having spent the last 45 years of his life preaching his doctrine.
Known as the Supreme Buddha or Enlightened
One, Gautama Buddha taught that people can escape the circle of rebirth by
eliminating desire and by following rules of behavior, the Eightfold Path.
Since Lord Buddha's attainment of supreme wisdom in B.C 588, Buddhism has
become one of the world's greatest religions. Buddha has never said hate
speech to others.
The Buddhist Channel has reported "Celebrating
2,602 years of Buddhism", the Buddha gained enlightenment in 588 BCE.
Therefore, 2014 marks the 2,602 years of his enlightenment and propagation of Dharma teachings.
Morality in Buddhism is a rational and
practical mode based on verifiable facts and individual experience, which is
regarded as the one of the most perfect moral code ever known in the world. In
Buddhism, the distinction between what is good and what is bad is simple. It
hinges on the intention or motivation from which an action originates. The deed
which is associated with greed/attachment, hatred (ill will), delusion, stupidity
is evil.
The Ten Kind
Deeds Buddhists are:
(1)
NO killing.
(2) NO
stealing.
(3) NO sexual
misconduct.
(4) NO lying.
(5) NO
seductive speech.
(6) NO speech
that would cause discord and hatred.
(7) NO harsh
speech.
(8) NO greed.
(9) NO anger
or hatred.
(10) NO ignorance. It is essential for the rebirth in Deva
realm.
The first three are the first three of Five
Precepts; these are body deeds. The last three are the Three Poisons, these are
mind deeds. The remaining four is an elaboration of the evil deeds performed by
speech. Body, speech and mind are the three means of actions.
Another
Ten Good Deeds are:
The
Ten Meritorious Deeds allow people to gain a happy and peaceful life as well as
to develop knowledge and understanding.
They
are:
1.Charity
2.Morality / Taking Precepts
3.Mental cultivation / Meditation
4.Reverence or respect
5.Services in helping others
6.Transference of merits
7.Rejoicing in the merits of others
8.Preaching and teaching Dharma
9.Listening the Dharma
10.Straightening one's own views
That
all things must be fulfilled, one will be re-born in the Deva
gods at heaven Realm.
Let’s
practice Metta, Karuna,Mudita and upekkha
Buddha said: “To
understand everything is to forgive everything.” …..
"Hatred does
not cease by hatred, but only by love” ……
Metta in
Pali (Loving Kindness) and Karuna
(Compassion) are to all living beings including animals. Buddhism
strictly forbids animal sacrifice for whatever reason.
Metta means loving
kindness, friendliness, or goodwill. Mettā meditation aims to cultivate these
qualities in one's heart and mind. Through the repeated development of these
wholesome qualities, one becomes more compassionate and loving, thus reducing
unwholesome qualities such as anger, ill will, or hatred.
Metta is
the highest need of the world today, indeed it is more needed than ever before.
In spite of these, there is no peace and happiness. It shows that something is
lacking. That is METTA.
The practice of loving kindness or goodwill
meditation is an excellent tool for breaking down barriers as well as restoring
humanity and kindness when your mind feels like a battlefield. The benefits are
also that you re-train your mind to let go of stress far more easily when the
mind is more calm and happy and come up with mutually beneficial solutions to
challenges you may be facing. The relevance of the practice of goodwill
meditation is simply that it can polite our emotions and develop the mind to
being more humane and more wise.
A suggested format is as follows:
1.
Firstly, wish yourself happiness, good health, good success, harmony, the
ability to understand stress and let it go and the strength to overcome
problems. You might think to yourself: "May I be happy, may I be free of
illness and injury... "etc
2. Wish yourself
freedom of stress, anger, greed, ill-will and envy. "May I practice to let
go of stress, may I practice to let go of anger..." etc.
3. Wish yourself joy,
equanimity, compassion and kindness, such as "May I appreciate what I have
experienced. May I be kind to myself, may I let go of my regrets" etc.
4. Also wish yourself
good progress in your life journey such as: "May I grow wiser and gain
more skills, may I be more kind to myself more often, may I be more patient and
less hasty when I am busy" and so on.
You
can spend time on each individual person, or as a group if easier and wish them
happiness and the same as above. These people you send loving kindness to
should be alive, as it can stir up issues in the mind if you send it to the
deceased. Much like the previous format directed to ourselves, we then continue
by directing the same feelings to others.
1. "May
my relatives be happy. May my relatives have good health, freedom from illness
and injury..." etc.
2. "May
the people I have learned from be happy, may they have good health..." etc
3. "May
my friends be happy..." etc
Metta is one of the Four
Brahma Viharas. Brahma in this case has been translated as divine or noble. The
word – as qualified in the path of purification – is meant in the sense of best
and immaculate. This is because being best and immaculate is the best attitude
towards beings and those who practise it have immaculate minds like those of
the Brahma gods.
Vihara means abiding and living. And so those
who practice these are said to be abiding or living in the divine or noble way.
The
Four Brahma Viharas are:
1. Metta: loving kindness (or) benevolence
2. Karuna: compassion
3. Mudita: sympathetic joy
4. Upekkha: equanimity
2. Karuna: compassion
3. Mudita: sympathetic joy
4. Upekkha: equanimity
These four are attitudes towards other
beings. They are also favorable relationships. They can also be extended
towards an immeasurable scope of beings and so are called immeasurable.
Greed, hatred and delusion are called the
Three Poisons (or) Three Evil Roots, which are the primary source of all evil
deed. It is the “Three poisons” that create all bad Karma, result all kinds of
suffering in accordance with the Principle of Cause and Effect. The Three
Poisons are also obstacles to the attainment of good Karma. Thus we have to
abandon them by all means.
Miracles
of Lord Buddha
It
is said that immediately after the birth of Siddhartha Gautama (BC
623), he stood up, took seven steps north, and uttered:
“Aggo
‘ham asmi lokassa.
jettho ‘ham asmi lokassa.
settho ‘ham asmi lokassa.
ayam antima jati,
natthi dani punabbhavo.”
jettho ‘ham asmi lokassa.
settho ‘ham asmi lokassa.
ayam antima jati,
natthi dani punabbhavo.”
Meaning:
"I
am the leader in this world,
I'm
the oldest in the world,
I'm
the Greatest in the world,
This
is the last birth,
There
will be no rebirth again. "
Naturally, a new born child Siddhartha
cannot immediately talk; the child requires further development in order to
speak fluently. Furthermore, every place the baby Buddha placed his foot, a lotus
flower bloomed. Four
Maha Brahma received the baby with gold mesh and then from the sky down
cold and hot water to bathe the baby to be fresh.
The baby itself is clean because there is no blood or other stains attached to his body.
Moreover, there is a claim that the Buddha's
birth was miraculous via a dream that his mother saw of a white elephant,
whereas the dream is interpreted in the legend as a premonition of a blessing
to come; therefore the incident would suggest a Divine birth as opposed to a
human birth.
The Prince was taken to the palace where King
Suddhodana prepared to celebrate the feast of naming the child. In those
days learned men studied a good deal about the stars, for it was believed that
these stars had a great influence on men's lives. Whenever a child was born a
wise man was called in to foretell the child's future by the position of the
stars at the time of his birth.
King Suddhodana, according to this
custom, sent for the wisest man in India at that time, a hermit named Asita (who
is also called Kaladevala), who dwelt among the mountains. Asita, when
he saw the child, knew that he was destined to become very great, and told the
king that two pathways opened before the feet of the prince, he would either
become a mighty king, rule alone and wisely, or else he would leave his palace
and become the Supreme Buddha, teacher of men and Gods. The wise man chose for
the child the name of Siddhartha.
The King brought his son with the intention
of paying respect to Asita. To everyone’s surprise, the prince’s feet turned
and landed on Asita’s head. Realizing the child's grandeur, Asita
stood up and clasped his hands to pay respect to the young prince. The King
followed suit. The King had given respect to his son for the first time.
After seeing the baby and noticed the sign of
a Mahapurisa 32 ("great man"), the ascetic Asita salute
to the baby which was then followed by King Suddhodana. After Asita
salute laughing happily, but then began to cry.
Answering the question of King Suddhodana,
the hermit Asita explained, that the baby will become a Buddha, but
because of his advanced age he himself no longer able to wait until the baby
was later start gives His teachings.
One day at a palace festival (the ploughing
festival) the child prince Siddhartha sat down under a tree and was
practice with meditation. It is said that though the shadows of all the trees
had lengthened, the shadow of the tree under which he sat had not moved.
Its shadow had not moved; it still sheltered
him. The servant ran back to the palace of the king.
"My lord," he cried, "I have
seen your son; he is meditating under a tree whose shadow has not moved,
whereas the shadows of all the other trees have moved and lengthened." When he saw the Prince in meditative posture, the King Suddhodana saluted his son saying:
“This, dear child, is my second salutation.”
Afterwards,
the Buddha took three giant steps, arriving in Tavatimsa. There, he
preached the Abhidharma to his mother who
had been reborn there as a Deva named Santussita.
After the Buddha returned to his father's kingdom, uncertainty still existed about whether Gautama Buddha was really enlightened or not. In response, the Buddha allegedly displayed the "Twin Miracle", called so because of its simultaneous production of apparently contradictory phenomena; in this case, fire and water.
The twin miracle entailed Gautama Buddha producing flames from the upper part of his body and streams of water from the lower part of his body, alternating this, and doing similarly between the left and right sides of his body.
The Buddha performed the Twin Miracles of
emitting fire and water simultaneously from His body, to subdue the pride of
his older relatives who had erroneously thought that the Buddha being the
younger would have to show respects to them.
On one occasion, the Buddha allegedly flew
into a Brahma's world, and
explained to the Brahma God that all things are transient and temporary and
devoid of independent existence. After being persuaded by the Buddha's words,
the Brahma decided to follow The Buddha's Dharma (Dhamma).
The Brahma God then requested a competition
of powers between the two of them. Whenever the Brahma hid himself, the Buddha
ended up pointing out where he was located. Then, the Buddha hid himself in emptiness
and meditation but the Brahma God
could not spot him. The Brahma's faith in the Buddha was increased.
We have one story of Buddha performing
miracle to stop a war.
According to an account in several Buddhist texts, Kapilavatthu the town of the Sakyans and Koliya the town of the Kolyans were situated on either side of the Rohini river. Both groups are Buddha's relatives; they called for a war because of the fighting over the use of water of River Rohini.
The Buddha appeared in the middle of the river and questioned them which is more important, the water or their lives. They all accepted that they were wrong and stopped the war and became close to each other, keeping unity among them. The Rohni (or) Rohini River rises in the Chure or Siwalik Hills in Kapilvastu and Rupandehi Districts of Nepal's Lumbini Zone and flows south into Uttar Pradesh state, India.
According to an account in several Buddhist texts, Kapilavatthu the town of the Sakyans and Koliya the town of the Kolyans were situated on either side of the Rohini river. Both groups are Buddha's relatives; they called for a war because of the fighting over the use of water of River Rohini.
The Buddha appeared in the middle of the river and questioned them which is more important, the water or their lives. They all accepted that they were wrong and stopped the war and became close to each other, keeping unity among them. The Rohni (or) Rohini River rises in the Chure or Siwalik Hills in Kapilvastu and Rupandehi Districts of Nepal's Lumbini Zone and flows south into Uttar Pradesh state, India.
Devadatta was a cousin of the
Buddha. Devadatta was tormented from early in his life by jealousy against his
cousin. After scheming against Gautama to no avail, Devadatta set loose
an elephant, known as Nalagiri or Dhanapala, to destroy the Buddha. One
account is that as this elephant, who had been intoxicated into a crazed
state by his keepers, ran through the town towards the Buddha, a frightened
woman accidentally dropped her baby at the Buddha's feet. Just as the elephant
was about to trample the child, The Buddha calmly reached up and touched the
elephant on the forehead. The elephant became calm and quiet, then knelt down
before the Buddha.
The Majjhima Nikāya states that the
Buddha had more superpowers than any other being including being able to walk
on water which is further verified in the Aṅguttara Nikāya. The Buddha
could multiply into a million and then return, he could travel through space,
he could make himself as big as a giant and then as small as an ant, walk
through mountains, he could dive in and out of the earth, he could travel to
Heavens to school the Gods and return to earth.
Other miracles and powers that Gautama Buddha is alleged to have
possessed and exercised include Iddhi (super spiritual power), Telepathy, super-hearing, divine seeing, seeing future
lives, and seeing past lives. These are described in the Mahasihanada
Sutta and other suttas in the pali canon since BC 588.
(Iddhi, the Pali word translated here
as "power," has so many meanings that no one English equivalent can
do them all justice. Other equivalents that have been suggested include
success, accomplishment, and prowess. In the context of the bases for power,
however, the word specifically means the supernormal powers that can be
developed through concentration, such as levitation(suspended by a physical force against gravity, in a stable
position without solid physical contact.), walking on water, clairaudience (supreme clear hearing), clairvoyance (supreme clear
vision), remembrance of past and future lives, the ability to read the
minds of others, and the ending of mental effluents. In the Buddhist analysis,
only the last of these powers is transcendent. It is the only one absolutely
necessary on the path to Awakening).
When the time came for the contest, the
Buddha cast a mango seed on the ground; instantly the seed took root, and a
great mango tree arose to shade the hall. After defeating the six
philosophers and converting them to his teaching, the Enlightened One performed
the Great Miracle of the Pairs.
"Standing in the air at the height of a palm tree, flames englufed the lower part of his body, and five hundred jets of water streamed from the upper part. Then flames leapt from the upper part of his body, and five hundreds jets of water streamed from the lower part.
"Standing in the air at the height of a palm tree, flames englufed the lower part of his body, and five hundred jets of water streamed from the upper part. Then flames leapt from the upper part of his body, and five hundreds jets of water streamed from the lower part.
Then by his supreme power, the Blessed one
transformed himself into a bull with a quivering hump. Appearing in the east,
the bull vanished and reappeared in the west. Vanishing in the west, it
reappeared in the north. Vanishing in the north, it reappeared in the south.
... Several thousand kotis ((A
koti is equal to 10 million miles) of beings, seeing
this great miracle, became glad, joyful, and pleased."
Gautama Buddha was alleged to
possess supreme powers and abilities; however, due to an understanding of the
workings of the skeptical mind, he reportedly responded to a request for
miracles by saying, "...I dislike, reject and despise them," and
refused to comply. He allegedly attained his abilities through deep meditation
during the time when he had renounced the world and lived as an ascetic. He
supposedly performed such miracles to bring the most benefit to sentient beings
and he warned that miraculous powers should not be the reason for practicing
his main path.
Siddhartha Gautama lived roughly between 623
BCE and 543 BCE and he founded Buddhism as Gautama Buddha. The Lord Buddha was
the founder of Buddhism, began his life as a prince in Nepal. The word
"Buddha" can be defined as "the Enlightened One", or
"the Awakened One".
Who is a Bodhisatta ?
The component of the term explains. Bodhi refers to "enlightenment"
and Satta means "devoted to".
As such, this term can generally be used to refer
to someone who is striving for enlightenment. In a focused sense, a Bodhisatta is someone who will eventually
become a Buddha.
A bodhisatta is one who has renounced all worldly pleasures and is
aspiring to become a Buddha. In order to gain supreme enlightenment,
every bodhisatta practices ten virtues, which in Pali are called parami.
They are generosity, morality, renunciation,
wisdom, energy, patience, truthfulness, determination, loving-kindness, and
equanimity. In practicing these virtues a bodhisatta gains a superior
sense of compassion and reason.
What is the purpose of Buddhists in worshipping and
making Buddha images?
Buddhists made Buddha images and statues as reminders of the Buddha, as symbol of Buddha, and as a focus for memory of Buddha. People of various countries designed national flags to represent each of their own countries which are held as important, worth of respect. Such practice does not imply paying a respect to the cloth or its color but to the highest national institution. In the same manner, Buddha images and statues also are objects of respect.
Our respect does not aim
only at wood or metal which Buddha images are made of but mainly at the 3
qualities of the Buddha, namely: wisdom, purity, and compassion.
A Buddhist paying respect to a Buddha image is away of reminding oneself that one needs to improve one's own wisdom, purity, and compassion in order to follow the Buddha's triple quality at the same time.
What are the Buddha, Dhamma and Sangha?
To be a Buddhist, one is expected primarily to take refuge in the Triple Gem:
The Buddha,
Dhamma and
Sangha.
Buddha means the Enlightened One.
Dhamma means Truth realised
and taught by the Buddha.
Sangha means the Buddha's disciples
who behave and practice righteously.
The
ideal Sangha means those who attain the Four States of Noblehood.
The
meaning of the Triple Gem or the Buddha, Dhamma and Sangha may be understood in
three different levels as follows:
(1)
The Buddha: the Enlightened One
represented by His replica or Buddha image.
Dhamma : Truth realised and taught by the Buddha, represented by Tripitaka or the Buddhist scripture.
Sangha : the Buddha's noble disciples represented by Buddhist bhikkhus (monks) and bhikkhunis (nuns) in general, who have not yet attained the Four States of noblehood.
Dhamma : Truth realised and taught by the Buddha, represented by Tripitaka or the Buddhist scripture.
Sangha : the Buddha's noble disciples represented by Buddhist bhikkhus (monks) and bhikkhunis (nuns) in general, who have not yet attained the Four States of noblehood.
(2)
The Buddha: The Enlightened One, who
was formerly Prince Siddhattha of the Sakya clan. He renounced the worldly life
in search of Truth and after His Enlightenment established Buddhism.
The Dhamma : Truth realised and taught by the Buddha, learned and put into practice by the Buddhists, both ordained and lay people.
The Sangha : the Buddha's noble disciples who have attained the Four States of Noble- hood.
The Dhamma : Truth realised and taught by the Buddha, learned and put into practice by the Buddhists, both ordained and lay people.
The Sangha : the Buddha's noble disciples who have attained the Four States of Noble- hood.
(3)
The Buddha, Dhamma and Sangha become one.
The Buddha in this level is identical with Dhamma as it was stated by Him that
"One who sees Dhamma sees me; one who seems me sees Dhamma."
This shows that Buddhahood is Dhamma and Dhamma is Buddhahood. The ideal Sangha is the embodiment of the realised Dhamma.
"One who sees Dhamma sees me; one who seems me sees Dhamma."
This shows that Buddhahood is Dhamma and Dhamma is Buddhahood. The ideal Sangha is the embodiment of the realised Dhamma.
Is it true that Buddhism is pessimistic?
Buddhism
is neither pessimistic nor optimistic
but a realistic religion.
People in general misunderstood Buddhism, because either they jump to conclusion or they decided on the surface that Buddhism is something they don't like. Some people think we are pessimistic ,because we said the world affairs have no meaning in our external existence, but upon studying the eight fold path and six perfection, one will know from eight noble path teach us to perfect our existence in the world as generous beings. It is neither totally pessimistic nor totally optimistic, but on the contrary, it teaches a truth that lies midway between them. Buddhism encourages us to be realistic; to see things as the truly are.
People in general misunderstood Buddhism, because either they jump to conclusion or they decided on the surface that Buddhism is something they don't like. Some people think we are pessimistic ,because we said the world affairs have no meaning in our external existence, but upon studying the eight fold path and six perfection, one will know from eight noble path teach us to perfect our existence in the world as generous beings. It is neither totally pessimistic nor totally optimistic, but on the contrary, it teaches a truth that lies midway between them. Buddhism encourages us to be realistic; to see things as the truly are.
The belief that Buddhism is pessimistic derives
from the misunderstanding of the First Noble Truth which teaches that all
sentient beings are subject to the suffering of birth, old age and death, etc.
Only when one accepts the truth of this suffering will one begin to investigate
the cause of suffering, the cessation of its cause and practice the path
leading to its cessation.
In this sense we will see that Buddhism is
neither pessimistic nor optimistic; it is rather realistic. The Buddha may be
compared to a medical doctor who diagnoses that human beings do have a severe
disease, but he did not stop there. He pointed out that it can be overcome and
further prescribed medicine to remedy it.
Buddhism seeks to overcome human suffering.
Each individual needs to develop morality, concentration, and wisdom in order
to solve the problems of life. Buddhists are taught to face the world in its
reality and try to overcome its binding forces and ultimately arrive at
spiritual freedom which is known as Nirvana or Nibbana. But how
wonderful it will be for all those who have arrived in Nirvana or Nibbana, they
will be no more sickness, suffering, crying and death. So please study
correctly in Vipassana Meditation before it is forever too late.
What is the main doctrine of Buddha?
“Holding on to anger is like grasping a
hot coal with the intent of throwing it at someone else; you are the one who
gets burned.”
The
main doctrine of Buddha can be summarized as follows:
(1) To refrain from all evil
(2)To do what is good
(3)To purify the mind
(1) To refrain from all evil
(2)To do what is good
(3)To purify the mind
1) Loving-kindness or
benevolence
2) Compassion
3) Empathetic joy
4) Equanimity
(1)The suffering
(2)The cause of suffering
(3)The cessation of suffering
(4)The way leading to the cessation of suffering
(3)The cessation of suffering
(4)The way leading to the cessation of suffering
Within the Fourth Noble Truth is found the
guide to the end of suffering: the Noble Eightfold Path. The eight parts of the
path to liberation are grouped into three essential elements of Buddhist
practice-moral conduct (Right Speech, Right Action, Right Livelihood); mental
discipline (Right Effort, Right Mindfulness, Right Concentration); and wisdom
(Right Understanding, Right Thought)-discussed further in the following
sections of this book. The Buddha taught the Eightfold Path in virtually all
his discourses, and his directions are as clear and practical to his followers
today as they were when he FIRST gave them.
1. Right Understanding (Samma ditthi)
2. Right Thought (Samma sankappa)
3. Right Speech (Samma vaca)
4. Right Action (Samma kammanta)
5. Right Livelihood (Samma ajiva)
6. Right Effort (Samma vayama)
7. Right Mindfulness (Samma sati)
8. Right Concentration (Samma samadhi)
2. Right Thought (Samma sankappa)
3. Right Speech (Samma vaca)
4. Right Action (Samma kammanta)
5. Right Livelihood (Samma ajiva)
6. Right Effort (Samma vayama)
7. Right Mindfulness (Samma sati)
8. Right Concentration (Samma samadhi)
Practically the whole teaching of the Buddha,
to which he devoted himself during 45 years, deals in some way or other with
this Path. He explained it in different ways and in different words to
different people, according to the stage of their development and their
capacity to understand and follow him. But the essence of those many thousand discourses
scattered in the Buddhist Scriptures is found in the Noble Eightfold Path.
The teachings of the Buddha had already
spread through much of India and penetrated into Burma,
Sri Lanka, Central Asia and China. They display
certain similarities to Christian moral precepts of more
than six centuries later; the sanctity of life, compassion for others, rejection of violence, confession and emphasis on charity and the practice of virtue.
The Emperor Ashoka sent missionaries, not only to
elsewhere in India and to Sri Lanka, but to Syria, Egypt and Greece, speculated in the
1930s that they may have helped prepare the ground for Christian teaching. Two
thousand three hundred years ago a battle took place in India between the Mauryan
empire of King Ashoka and the republic of Kalinga (an early republic in
central-eastern India), which was to have
profound effects though out southern Asia, and eventually as far away as
pre-Christian Britain and Ireland.
He also spread the teachings of the Buddha
outside his empire by sending missionaries to both
the East and West.
According to Donald Alexander Mackenzie, it was Ashoka’s western evangelists
who were responsible, directly or indirectly, for establishing Buddhism in
pre-Christian Britain. Of course Britain never became Buddhist in the way that
Sri Lanka or Burma did.
The distances were too great and lines of
communication too weak.
But it seems likely that Celtic Buddhism, as
known to the Druids, prepared the way
and influenced the development of Celtic Christianity in Britain and Ireland. Donald Alexander
Mackenzie (1873 –1936) was a Scottish famous journalist, historian and
writer on religion, mythology and anthropology in the early 20th
century.
Ashoka is one of the great benefactors in Buddhism
Ashoka Maurya (304–232 BCE), commonly known as Ashoka and also as
Ashoka the Great, was an Indian emperor of the Maurya Dynasty who ruled almost all
of the Indian subcontinent from ca. 269 BCE to
232 BCE.
King Ashoka belonged to the Mauryan Dynasty
of the rulers of Magadha. In the Buddhist literature, he is referred to as a
very cruel king in the beginning and there is some truth to it because he
acceded to the throne in the year 269 B.C., approximately three years after his
father's death. It is quite possible that there might have been struggle
between him and his brothers for the throne.
He had inherited a vast empire and he
attacked Kalinga (Orrisa) shortly after becoming the king. This
event was a turning point in his life and one of the most important events in
the World History. More than one hundred thousand people were killed in the
battle and many hundreds of thousands were injured. There was blood and
suffering everywhere. This bloodshed, changed his heart, and he adopted
Buddhism.
He sent monks including his son, Mahendra,
and his daughter, Sanghmitra, to spread the message of peace preached by
Lord Buddha, all over the known world at that time, which included Tibet,
China, etc. in the north; Burma, Cambodia, Thailand, Indonesia in the east; Sri
Lanka in the south; and Iran, Syria, Egypt, Greece, Macedonia, etc. in the
west.
This message of peace was well received in
all the countries and thus Buddhism, spread beyond the boundaries of India,
unlike Jainism or Hinduism where such missions were never undertaken. It was
his missionary zeal that Buddhism is one of the major religions of the world.
Mongolia, Japan, Korea, Vietnam are mainly Buddhist countries. Even though
there is communism in China, it is believed the people are still Buddhists. It
was due to Ashoka's zeal for spreading the message of peace that made Buddhism
much better organized than Hinduism or Jainism.
We all are brothers in Buddhism
For the word "Buddha,"
as is widely known, is not a proper name but an honorific title meaning "the Enlightened One," "the Awakened
One." This title is given to him because he has woken up from
the deep sleep of ignorance in which the rest of the world is absorbed; because
he has penetrated the deepest truths about the human condition; and because he
proclaims those truths with the aim of awakening others and enabling them to share
his realization.
The Theravada tradition spread from India to Sri Lanka and Burma
in the third century BCE, and from there to Yunnan in southwest China, Thailand,
Laos, Cambodia, South Vietnam and Indonesia.
Pockets
of Indian merchants practicing Buddhism were soon found on the coast of the
Arabian Peninsula and even as far as Alexandria, Egypt. Other forms of
Theravada spread from that time to modern-day Pakistan,
Kashmir, Afghanistan, eastern and coastal Iran, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan and
Tajikistan.
From
this base in Central Asia, they spread further in the second century CE to East Turkestan (Xinjiang) and
further into China, and in the late seventh century to Kyrgyzstan and
Kazakhstan. These forms of Theravada were later combined with Mahayana aspects
that also came from India so that Mahayana eventually became the dominant form
of Buddhism in most of Central Asia.
The Chinese form of Mahayana later spread to
Korea, Japan and North Vietnam. Another early wave of Mahayana, mixed with Shaivite
forms of Hinduism, spread from India to Nepal, Indonesia, Malaysia and parts of
Southeast Asia starting in about the fifth century. The Tibetan Mahayana
tradition, which, starting in the seventh century, inherited the full
historical development of Indian Buddhism, spread throughout the Himalayan
regions and to Mongolia, East Turkistan, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, northern Inner
China, Manchuria, Siberia and the Kalmyk Mongol region near the Caspian Sea in
European Russia.
The Silk road carried another
commodity which was equally significant in world history. Along with trade and
migration, the world's oldest international highway was the vehicle which
spread Buddhism through Central Asia. The transmission was launched from
northwestern India to modern Pakistan, Afghanistan, Central Asia, Xinjiang
(Chinese Turkistan), China, Korea and Japan. Buddhism not only affected the
lives and cultures on those regions but also left us with a world of wonders in
arts and literature.
The history of Nepal has been influenced by its isolated position in the Himalayas and its two
neighbors, India and China. Many historians said “Buddha was a yellow man. He was
born into Shakya family, whom are Mongoloid in race”. Shakyamuni
Buddha, the Sage of the Sakyas, was born into Shakya tribe in Nepal 2602
years ago during the Kirat period (800BCE-300AD).
First original (proto) Tibetan- Burmese
people have been in the Himalayas way before you Aryans came. Buddha could be Aryan
or Mongoloid. Professor of anthropology,
Akazawa Takeru (Japanese:赤沢威) at the International Research Center for Japanese
Studies, Kyoto, said that there are
Neo-Mongoloids and Paleo-Mongoloids. Akazawa said new (Neo)-Mongoloids have
"extreme Mongoloid, cold-adapted features" and they include the Chinese. In contrast,
Akazawa said Paleo-Mongoloids are less Mongoloid and less cold-adapted. He said
Burmese and Filipinos are ancient
(Paleo)-Mongoloid.
This was NEPALESE DNA
(a) INDO ARYANS :South Nepalese have from 83% Indo-Aryan/Dravidian DNA with 17% Burmese/Mongoloid DNA and they speak Indo-European language
(b) INDO ARYAN - BURMESE :Central Nepalese have from 40- 65% Indo-Aryan/Dravidian DNA with 35 - 60% Burmese/Mongoloid DNA and they speak Indo-Burmese language
(c)TIBETO - BURMESE - MONGOLOID NEPALESE :North Nepalese have from 27 - 38% Indo-Aryan/Dravidian DNA with 62 - 73% Mongoloid DNA and speaks Tibeto-Burmese language
During the rule of the 7th Kirat King Jitedasti, Lord Gautama Buddha is said to have come to the valley with his several disciples and to have visited holy places of Swayambhu, Guheswari, etc., and to have preached his religious teaching. The Kiratas of the valley refused to follow his doctrine but welcomed Lord Buddha and his disciples. The Himalayas are the highest mountains in the world. This is the highest mountain system on earth in the north of India, near the foot of the Himalayas mountains, there people was a kingdom of yellow-skinned people called the Sakyan. The Himalayas, or Himalaya, is a mountain range in Asia separating the plains of the Indian subcontinent from the Tibetan Plateau.
The present day population of Northeast India, which is predominantly the Tibeto-Burman linguistic group, is presumed to have migrated from their original homeland in Southern China. A number of studies have been carried out in order to understand the Neolithic origin of Northeast India, along with the early dispersal and spread of this language family. The new language family tree, which is based on recent advances in Tibeto-Burman historical comparison, is given below:
Nepali or Nepalese (or) Gurkha are descendants of migrants from
parts of Kashmir, earlier Greater Nepal, Tibet, India, and parts of Burma and Yunnan, along with native tribal populations. Indo-Aryans and East Asian looking (Mongoloid) mixed people live
in the hill region. Southern Mongoloids include a large grouping including many
of the peoples of South China – Tibetans, Dai, Burmese, Thai, Hmong, Khmer,
Lao, Vietnamese, Malay, Filipinos, and most Indonesians.
China is the largest Buddhist country in the world
Buddhism in Burma (also known as Myanmar) is
predominantly of the Theravada tradition, practiced by 89% of the country's
population. It is the most religious Buddhist country in terms of the
proportion of monks in the population and proportion of income spent on
religion.
Today, most Buddhists are birth certificate
Buddhists. There are estimated 1.6 billion of these kinds of Theravada and
Mahayana Buddhists. The estimates range between 500 million and just over 1.6
billion. Buddhism population is between 500 and 1,600 million including
India, China, Japan, Korea, Burma, Thailand, Cambodia, Lao, Malaysia, Singapore, South Asia, East Asia, Southeast
Asia, Australia and some regions of Russia, etc.
Buddhism
today is divided into two major branches known to their respective followers as
Theravada, the Way of the Elders, and Mahayana, the Great Vehicle. Buddhism has been significant not only in India but also
in Sri Lanka, Thailand, Cambodia, Myanmar (formerly known as Burma), and Laos,
where Theravada has been dominant; Mahayana has had its greatest impact
in China, Japan, Taiwan, Tibet, Nepal, Mongolia, Korea, and Vietnam, as well as
in India. The number of Buddhists worldwide has been estimated at between 1000
and 1,600 million.
China is the largest Buddhist country on
earth in terms of its size and associated about 1,200,000,000 Buddhist
populations. China account for 75% of the 1.6 billion total Buddhist population
in the world. About 90% of China’s total population is Buddhists.
The magnitude of the Chinese Buddhist
population is evident when compared to Japan which has the second highest
Buddhist population of 122,022,837 which is 7.6% of the world’s total Buddhist
population and about 11% of the Chinese Buddhist population. For purposes of comparison,
the estimated Buddhist population of Sri Lanka is 14.9 million (70% of her
population) which is a mere 1.4% of the Chinese Buddhist population and less
than 1% of the world’s total Buddhist population.
There are more than 200,000 Buddhist monks and
nuns in China and about 16,000 Buddhist temples. The estimate
that Buddhism has over one billion followers includes the Peoples Republic of
China which has a population of over 1.3 billion people. Sources
indicate that around 90% of all Chinese people identify Buddhism as one
of their religions. This estimate would place Buddhist followers at around
1.2
billion worldwide. As the People's
Republic does not encourage religious adherence the number is
difficult to confirm.
The number of
Buddhists around the world is grossly underestimated. The statistics found in
nearly all encyclopedias and almanacs place the number of Buddhists at
approximately 500 million. This figure completely ignores over one billion
Chinese people who live in the People's Republic of China.
Buddhism and Hinduism are two religions or
ways of thought that came from the same region and share almost similar
terminology. The meanings of the terms can be different in some ways. Several
Indian thinkers consider Buddhism as it existed in India to be a part of the
larger Hindu tradition, which they identify as all those practices and
religions native to the Indian subcontinent.
Almost Hindu texts regard Buddha, that he was an avatar of the God Vishnu. Gautama Buddha is mentioned as an Avatar of Vishnu in the Puranas texts of Hinduism. Some Hindus regard Gautama as the 9th avatar of Vishnu. Hinduism population is between 900 and 1,000 million, including India, South Asia, Bali, Mauritius, etc and among the overseas Indian communities.
Almost Hindu texts regard Buddha, that he was an avatar of the God Vishnu. Gautama Buddha is mentioned as an Avatar of Vishnu in the Puranas texts of Hinduism. Some Hindus regard Gautama as the 9th avatar of Vishnu. Hinduism population is between 900 and 1,000 million, including India, South Asia, Bali, Mauritius, etc and among the overseas Indian communities.
The word nirvana was first used in
its technical sense in Buddhism, and cannot be found in any of the pre-Buddha
and after Buddha. Several Indian scholars said “God Vishnu did not found and practice
about Vipassana meditation and did not attain the nirvana like Buddha. Nobody truly knows
about nirvana before Buddha. The
Buddha rejects the caste distinctions of the Brahmanical religion, by
offering ordination to all regardless of caste. Doctrines of Buddha are the great
virtues for us.
Buddha is the greatest teacher of Deva
Gods and men. He was the Satta Deva Manussanam. From the B.C 588, changes occurred in Indian
religious life. The most influential of the religions was Buddhism in Nepal and
India and in the world since B.C 588. Then the Lord Buddha began India’s second
religion, after the far older Hindu religion had become entrenched. These three
basic facts of all existence are: Impermanence or Change (anicca),
Suffering or Unsatisfactoriness (dukkha) and Not-self or
Insubstantiality (anattaa).
Early Buddhism dealt with the problem of
impermanence in a very rational manner. This concept is known as Anicca
in Buddhism, according to which, impermanence is an undeniable and inescapable
fact of human existence from which nothing that belongs to this earth is ever
free.
Buddhism declares that there are five
processes on which no human being has control and which none can ever change.
These five processes are namely, the process of growing old, of not falling
sick, of dying, of decay of things that are perishable and of the passing away
of that which is liable to pass. Buddhism however suggests that escape from
these is possible and it's through Nirvana.
Anicca is a Pali word for
"impermanent." The Buddha taught that everything conditioned is
impermanent. To be conditioned is to be dependent on or affected by something
else, and Buddhism teaches that all phenomena, including beings, are
conditioned.
The transitory nature of all conditioned
things is the basis of life. Because all phenomena are in a state of flux,
change is possible. New life is possible, and enlightenment is possible,
because of anicca.
There are various religions as Hinduism,
Buddhism, Christianity and Islam as in Burma and in the World. One must have
love and respect for one's own country, religion, literature, family, culture,
nationality for all in the same way. They love and respect to their country,
their religion, their literature,
their
family, their culture and their nationality.
There are different kinds of countries,
races, thoughts, religions, such as Chinese/China, Indian/India, Burmese/Burma,
English/England, Japanese/ Japan, American/U.S.A and Hindu, Buddhist,
Christian, Muslim. These factors were very important of the World and everyone.
It must not be neglected. We should love and respect one another. We must never
insult each other.
But the essential factor is not race, skin color, caste system, religion, class, position, etc. Purify the mind, honesty, diligence, character, unity, patience, justice, optimism, forgiveness, love, mercy, peace, noble minded, open minded, sacrifice, humility, moral ethics, etc were more important above all. One must be able to one self analyze.
Each and every one of us should follow and
live according to the teachings of one's own religion. The one who does not
respect another's culture and religion does not respect his own. The one who
respects another's culture and religion respects his own.
There
cannot be 100% similarities among religions, nationalities, any opinions,
cultures, philosophies, skin hues, mental attitudes, sex, language, political,
social origin, property, visions of people in the World.
There would be more beneficence from
performance of seeing with love and sympathetic mind for a particular thing
rather than blaming or extreme criticize in contrast to others. Please to do
along with optimistic view. Please abstain from along with a pessimistic view.
Likewise, all Christians must obey the teachings of the Bible, all Buddhists must obey the teaching of Buddhism, all Hindus must obey the teachings of the Hinduism and all Muslims must obey the teachings of Quran.
Likewise, all Christians must obey the teachings of the Bible, all Buddhists must obey the teaching of Buddhism, all Hindus must obey the teachings of the Hinduism and all Muslims must obey the teachings of Quran.
Mutual respect for each other is essential
for everybody. Mutual sympathetic mind for towards each other is essential for
everyone.
Hence, it is evident
that all the religions of the world bestow upon us the way to success,
prosperity and happiness. In my opinion, if all of us sincerely obey the
teachings accordingly, the World would be a happy place to live.
May there be happiness and peace for those
who are living in the World.
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